Vietnam is a captivating Southeast Asian country, offering a unique blend of ancient traditions, stunning natural landscapes, vibrant cities, and a rich cultural heritage. For first-time visitors, navigating this diverse and dynamic destination can be both exciting and overwhelming. This comprehensive travel guide aims to provide you with all the essential information needed to plan your perfect Vietnamese adventure.
Best Time to Visit Vietnam
When planning your trip, understanding Vietnam’s weather patterns and major festivals is crucial for determining the optimal visit time.
Weather Patterns Across Regions
Vietnam’s diverse geography and climate vary significantly across its regions. Consider the weather patterns when choosing your travel dates. The northern region, including Hanoi, has a subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Winter (December to February) is cool and dry, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C. Summer (June to August) is hot and humid, often exceeding 35°C.
Central Vietnam enjoys generally warm, sunny weather year-round. A dry season (February to August) and a rainy season (September to January) characterize the region´s climate. Coastal cities like Hoi An and Nha Trang experience a tropical climate, with average temperatures around 25°C to 30°C.
The southern region, including Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta, has a tropical monsoon climate. The dry season (November to May) sees temperatures between 25°C and 35°C, while the rainy season (June to October) brings heavy downpours and high humidity. Remember that weather can vary significantly from year to year, so check current forecasts and plan accordingly.
Major Festivals and Events
Vietnam’s rich cultural traditions are celebrated through vibrant festivals and events.
Lunar New Year (Tết), typically in late January or early February, is a significant celebration marked by family gatherings, temple visits, and colorful parades. It´s a popular time for both locals and international visitors.
The Mid-Autumn Festival (Tết Trung Thu), in September or October, is celebrated with lantern lighting, mooncake sharing, traditional dances, and performances.
Throughout the year, experience various regional festivals like the Hue Festival in central Vietnam, showcasing the city´s heritage through music, dance, and art exhibitions. These events offer valuable cultural insights, but be aware of potential increased crowds, higher prices, and limited accommodation/transportation availability.
Visa Requirements and Travel Documents
Before traveling, ensure you have the necessary travel documents and understand visa requirements.
Types of Visas Available
Several visa types are available for Vietnam, including:
- E-Visa: Obtainable online, valid up to 90 days.
- Visa on Arrival: Some nationalities can obtain a visa upon arrival at designated airports (requires pre-approval).
How to Apply for a Visa
Visa application procedures vary based on your nationality and visa type. Generally:
- Visit the official Vietnam e-visa website: https://evisa.gov.vn.
- Fill out the online application form with personal details, travel dates, and passport information.
- Upload a digital passport photo and a scanned copy of your passport’s biographical page (Check Vietnam e-Visa photo requirement)
- Pay the e-visa fee (approximately 25 USD for single-entry, 50 USD for multiple-entry).
- Receive your Vietnam e-visa via email within 3–5 business days.
- Print the e-visa and present it upon arrival in Vietnam.
Plan and apply well in advance to avoid delays.
Transportation Options in Vietnam
Navigating Vietnam’s transportation system is a rewarding experience.
Getting Around the City: Buses and Taxis
Buses connect major landmarks and neighborhoods, while taxis offer convenient shorter trips. Use reputable companies or apps like Grab to avoid scams.
Long-Distance Travel: Trains and Flights
For longer journeys, the Reunification Express train network connects major cities. Trains offer diverse classes, from basic hard seats to comfortable soft seats and sleeper cars. Domestic flights with airlines like Vietnam Airlines, Vietjet Air, and Jetstar Pacific are quick and efficient for covering long distances.
Renting a Motorbike: Tips and Safety
Motorbikes are a popular way to explore Vietnam. Prioritize safety: wear a helmet, follow traffic rules, be aware of the traffic patterns, and choose a reputable rental company. Ensure the bike is in good condition and understand local driving customs.
Popular Destinations in Vietnam
Vietnam offers diverse destinations. From bustling cities to serene countryside, here are some of the most popular destinations in Vietnam:
Hanoi
Highlights:
- Old Quarter: Explore narrow streets filled with shops, street food, and historic architecture.
- Hoan Kiem Lake: A peaceful lake in the city center, perfect for a stroll.
- Temple of Literature: Vietnam’s first university, dedicated to Confucius.
- Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum: Pay respects to Vietnam’s founding father.
Best For: History, culture, and street food.
Ha Long Bay
Highlights:
- Limestone Karsts: Cruise through thousands of towering limestone islands.
- Caves: Visit stunning caves like Sung Sot (Surprise Cave) and Thien Cung (Heavenly Palace Cave).
- Kayaking: Explore hidden lagoons and floating villages.
Best For: Natural beauty, photography, and relaxation.
Sapa
Highlights:
- Terraced Rice Fields: Trek through breathtaking landscapes.
- Ethnic Villages: Visit Hmong, Dao, and Tay communities.
- Fansipan Mountain: The highest peak in Indochina, accessible by cable car.
Best For: Trekking, cultural experiences, and mountain scenery.
Hue City
Highlights:
- Imperial Citadel: A UNESCO World Heritage Site with ancient palaces and temples.
- Thien Mu Pagoda: A historic Buddhist pagoda overlooking the Perfume River.
- Royal Tombs: Explore the elaborate tombs of Nguyen Dynasty emperors.
Best For: History, architecture, and cultural heritage.
Hoi An
Highlights:
- Ancient Town: A UNESCO-listed area with well-preserved buildings, lantern-lit streets, and tailors.
- Japanese Covered Bridge: A iconic symbol of Hoi An.
- An Bang Beach: Relax on this pristine beach.
Best For: Shopping, tailoring, and romantic ambiance.
Da Nang
Highlights:
- Dragon Bridge: A modern bridge that breathes fire and water on weekends.
- Marble Mountains: Explore caves, pagodas, and panoramic views.
- My Khe Beach: A beautiful beach for swimming and sunbathing.
Best For: Beaches, modern attractions, and day trips.
Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)
Highlights:
- War Remnants Museum: Learn about Vietnam’s wartime history.
- Ben Thanh Market: A bustling market for shopping and street food.
- Cu Chi Tunnels: Explore the underground network used during the Vietnam War.
Best For: History, nightlife, and urban exploration.
Mekong Delta
Highlights:
- Floating Markets: Visit markets like Cai Rang and Cai Be.
- Boat Tours: Cruise through rivers, canals, and lush landscapes.
- Local Villages: Experience rural life and traditional crafts.
Best For: Cultural immersion, nature, and unique experiences.
Nha Trang
Highlights:
- Beaches: Enjoy long stretches of sandy beaches and clear waters.
- Vinpearl Land: An amusement park and resort on an island.
- Po Nagar Cham Towers: Ancient Hindu temples.
Best For: Beach vacations, water sports, and family fun.
Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park
Highlights:
- Caves: Explore Son Doong (the world’s largest cave), Phong Nha Cave, and Paradise Cave.
- Jungle Trekking: Discover lush forests and underground rivers.
Best For: Adventure, caving, and nature lovers.
Da Lat
Highlights:
- Pine Forests: Enjoy cool weather and scenic landscapes.
- Crazy House: A unique, surrealist architectural attraction.
- Waterfalls: Visit Datanla and Elephant Falls.
Best For: Romantic getaways, outdoor activities, and photography.
Phu Quoc Island
Highlights:
- Beaches: Relax on pristine beaches like Long Beach and Sao Beach.
- Phu Quoc National Park: Explore lush forests and wildlife.
- Night Market: Try fresh seafood and local delicacies.
Best For: Island escapes, snorkeling, and relaxation.
Ninh Binh
Highlights:
- Tam Coc: Known as “Ha Long Bay on Land,” with limestone karsts and rice paddies.
- Trang An: A UNESCO World Heritage Site with boat tours through caves and temples.
- Bai Dinh Pagoda: The largest Buddhist complex in Vietnam.
Best For: Scenic beauty, boat tours, and cultural sites.
Mui Ne
Highlights:
- Sand Dunes: Visit the White Sand Dunes and Red Sand Dunes.
- Fairy Stream: A small canyon with colorful rock formations.
- Beaches: Relax and enjoy water sports.
Best For: Adventure, photography, and beach activities.
Con Dao Islands
Highlights:
- Pristine Beaches: Quiet and untouched beaches.
- Con Dao National Park: Explore diverse ecosystems and wildlife.
- Historical Sites: Visit the Con Dao Prison, a former French colonial prison.
Best For: Seclusion, history, and nature.
Vietnam offers something for every type of traveler, whether you’re seeking adventure, relaxation, or cultural immersion. Plan your itinerary to include a mix of these destinations for an unforgettable trip!
Essential Vietnamese Phrases
While English is common in tourist areas, learning basic Vietnamese phrases enhances your experience.
Common Greetings and Courtesies
Useful for Travelling & Directions
Useful for Shopping
Currency and Payment Methods
Understanding Vietnam´s currency and payment methods is crucial.
Understanding the Vietnamese Dong
The official currency is the Vietnamese Dong (VND). Check the current exchange rate. Denominations range from 500 VND to 500,000 VND.
Cash vs. Card Payments
Vietnam is primarily cash-based. Carry a mix of denominations. Major cities and tourist areas accept cards, but always have cash for smaller purchases, street food, and tips. Inform your bank of your travel plans to prevent card issues.
Must-Try Vietnamese Dishes
Vietnamese cuisine offers fresh, flavorful, and diverse dishes. Here’s a list of must-try Vietnamese dishes that you shouldn’t miss during your visit:
1. Phở (Vietnamese Noodle Soup)
- What it is: Vietnam’s most famous dish, consisting of rice noodles in a flavorful broth, typically made with beef (phở bò) or chicken (phở gà), and topped with herbs, bean sprouts, and lime.
- Where to try: Hanoi is known for its authentic phở.
2. Bánh Mì (Vietnamese Sandwich)
- What it is: A crusty baguette filled with a variety of ingredients like grilled pork, pâté, pickled vegetables, cilantro, and chili.
- Where to try: Ho Chi Minh City is famous for its bánh mì stalls.
3. Bún Chả (Grilled Pork with Noodles)
- What it is: Grilled pork patties and slices served with rice noodles, fresh herbs, and a tangy dipping sauce.
- Where to try: A specialty of Hanoi, often enjoyed at street food stalls.
4. Gỏi Cuốn (Fresh Spring Rolls)
- What it is: Light and healthy rolls made with rice paper, filled with shrimp, pork, herbs, and rice noodles, served with a peanut dipping sauce.
- Where to try: Widely available across Vietnam, especially in the south.
5. Bánh Xèo (Vietnamese Crispy Pancake)
- What it is: A savory, crispy pancake made from rice flour, turmeric, and coconut milk, filled with shrimp, pork, and bean sprouts.
- Where to try: Popular in central and southern Vietnam, such as in Hoi An.
6. Cơm Tấm (Broken Rice)
- What it is: A southern Vietnamese dish featuring broken rice grains, served with grilled pork, a fried egg, and pickled vegetables.
- Where to try: Best enjoyed in Ho Chi Minh City.
7. Cao Lầu (Hoi An Noodles)
- What it is: A regional specialty from Hoi An, featuring thick noodles, pork, and crispy croutons, with a unique broth.
- Where to try: Exclusive to Hoi An in central Vietnam.
8. Bún Bò Huế (Spicy Beef Noodle Soup)
- What it is: A spicy and aromatic noodle soup from Hue, made with beef, lemongrass, and chili oil.
- Where to try: A must-try in Hue, but available in other cities as well.
9. Mì Quảng (Turmeric Noodles)
- What it is: A central Vietnamese dish featuring turmeric-infused noodles, shrimp, pork, and herbs, topped with rice crackers.
- Where to try: Originating from Da Nang and Quang Nam Province.
10. Chả Giò (Fried Spring Rolls)
- What it is: Crispy fried rolls filled with minced pork, vegetables, and sometimes mushrooms, served with dipping sauce.
- Where to try: Found throughout Vietnam, often as a starter or snack.
11. Hủ Tiếu (Vietnamese Noodle Soup)
- What it is: A versatile noodle soup that can be served dry or with broth, featuring pork, shrimp, and quail eggs.
- Where to try: Popular in southern Vietnam, especially in Ho Chi Minh City.
12. Bánh Cuốn (Steamed Rice Rolls)
- What it is: Thin, steamed rice rolls filled with minced pork and mushrooms, served with fried shallots and dipping sauce.
- Where to try: A specialty of northern Vietnam, particularly Hanoi.
13. Bánh Bèo (Water Fern Cakes)
- What it is: Small, steamed rice cakes topped with shrimp, pork cracklings, and scallions, served with fish sauce.
- Where to try: A Hue specialty, but also found in other regions.
14. Bánh Khọt (Mini Savory Pancakes)
- What it is: Bite-sized coconut milk pancakes topped with shrimp, often served with fresh herbs and dipping sauce.
- Where to try: Popular in southern Vietnam, especially in Vung Tau.
15. Chè (Vietnamese Dessert Soup)
- What it is: A sweet dessert made with beans, coconut milk, jelly, and fruit, served hot or cold.
- Where to try: Found in dessert shops and street stalls across Vietnam.
16. Cà Phê Sữa Đá (Vietnamese Iced Coffee)
- What it is: Strong drip coffee mixed with sweetened condensed milk and served over ice.
- Where to try: Available at cafés and street vendors nationwide.
17. Bánh Tráng Trộn (Vietnamese Rice Paper Salad)
- What it is: A popular street food snack made with shredded rice paper, quail eggs, dried shrimp, and chili sauce.
- Where to try: Commonly found in Ho Chi Minh City.
18. Lẩu (Vietnamese Hotpot)
- What it is: A communal hotpot dish with a variety of meats, seafood, and vegetables cooked in a flavorful broth.
- Where to try: Popular in both northern and southern Vietnam.
19. Bánh Tét and Bánh Chưng (Sticky Rice Cakes)
- What it is: Traditional sticky rice cakes filled with mung bean and pork, often eaten during Tet (Lunar New Year).
- Where to try: Widely available during Tet celebrations.
20. Ốc (Vietnamese Snails)
- What it is: A variety of snails cooked in different styles, such as grilled, steamed, or stir-fried with lemongrass and chili.
- Where to try: Popular in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
Vietnam’s culinary scene is incredibly diverse, so don’t hesitate to explore local markets, street food stalls, and restaurants to discover even more delicious dishes!
Health and Safety Tips
Prioritize your health and safety for a smooth trip.
Vaccinations and Health Precautions
Before your trip, consult with a healthcare professional or travel medicine clinic to determine the recommended vaccinations and health precautions for Vietnam. Some common recommendations include:
- Hepatitis A and B
- Typhoid
- Rabies
- Influenza
- Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
It’s also a good idea to pack any necessary medications, as well as a basic first-aid kit with items like bandages, antiseptic wipes, and over-the-counter medicines.
Staying Safe While Traveling
While Vietnam is generally a safe destination, it’s always important to take standard safety precautions, such as:
- Staying vigilant in crowded areas and being aware of your surroundings
- Avoiding walking alone at night and using reputable transportation options
- Keeping your valuables secure and out of sight
- Researching and following local laws and customs
- Purchasing comprehensive travel insurance to cover any unexpected incidents
By being proactive and informed about health and safety, you can enjoy your Vietnam trip with peace of mind.
Activities and Experiences
Vietnam offers a range of activities.
Outdoor Adventures and Nature Exploration
Trekking in Sapa, Ha Long Bay, Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Pu Luong Nature Reserve, and Phu Quoc Island. These adventures offer breathtaking scenery and opportunities to connect with nature.
Cultural Tours and Workshops
Cooking classes, traditional craft workshops, and guided historical site tours. Immerse yourself in Vietnamese culture through these unique experiences.
City Tours and Night Markets
Explore cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, including guided tours, street food, and local markets. Enjoy the nightlife.
Shopping in Vietnam
Shopping in Vietnam is a vibrant and exciting experience, offering everything from traditional handicrafts to modern fashion. Whether you’re exploring bustling markets, chic boutiques, or local artisan villages, Vietnam has something for every shopper. Here’s a guide to help you navigate the shopping scene:
Popular Shopping Destinations
Hanoi
- Old Quarter: Famous for its narrow streets filled with shops selling silk, handicrafts, and souvenirs.
- Dong Xuan Market: A large wholesale market offering everything from clothing to electronics.
- Night Market: Opens on weekends, featuring stalls with clothes, accessories, and street food.
Ho Chi Minh City
- Ben Thanh Market: A iconic market with a wide range of goods, from clothing to local snacks.
- Saigon Square: Known for affordable fashion and accessories.
- Vincom Center: A high-end shopping mall with international brands.
Hoi An
- Tailor Shops: Hoi An is famous for its custom-made clothing. You can get suits, dresses, and ao dai (traditional Vietnamese dresses) tailored in 24–48 hours.
- Night Market: Offers lanterns, handicrafts, and souvenirs.
Da Nang
- Han Market: A bustling market with local products, clothing, and food.
- Lotte Mart: A modern shopping mall with a mix of local and international brands.
Hue
- Dong Ba Market: The largest market in Hue, offering traditional items like conical hats and silk.
What to Buy in Vietnam
Traditional Handicrafts
- Ao Dai: The traditional Vietnamese dress, often made from silk.
- Conical Hats (Non La): Symbolic of Vietnam, especially the ones from Hue.
- Lacquerware: Beautifully crafted bowls, trays, and artwork.
- Silk Products: Scarves, clothing, and home decor items.
Food and Beverages
- Vietnamese Coffee: Buy ground coffee or beans, often sold with a traditional drip filter (phin).
- Tea: Vietnamese green tea or lotus tea are popular choices.
- Fish Sauce: A staple in Vietnamese cuisine.
- Snacks: Banh phong (rice crackers), dried fruits, and coconut candies.
Art and Souvenirs
- Handmade Lanterns: Especially from Hoi An.
- Embroidery: Intricately embroidered tablecloths, pillowcases, and wall hangings.
- Paintings: Traditional Vietnamese art or modern pieces.
Clothing and Accessories
- Custom Tailoring: Hoi An is the best place for affordable, high-quality custom clothing.
- Bags and Shoes: Leather goods are often high quality and reasonably priced.
Shopping Tips
- Bargaining: Bargaining is expected in markets and small shops. Start by offering 50–70% of the asking price and negotiate politely.
- Cash is Preferred: While some places accept credit cards, cash (Vietnamese Dong) is preferred, especially in markets.
- Check for Quality: Inspect items carefully, especially silk, lacquerware, and electronics.
- Avoid Counterfeits: Be cautious when buying branded goods at very low prices, as they may be fake.
Unique Shopping Experiences
- Artisan Villages: Visit villages like Bat Trang (ceramics), Van Phuc (silk), or Non Nuoc (stone carving) to see traditional crafts being made.
- Floating Markets: In the Mekong Delta, you can shop for fresh produce and local goods from boats.
Modern Shopping Malls
- Vincom Mega Mall (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City): High-end malls with international brands, cinemas, and food courts.
- AEON Mall (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City): Japanese-style malls with a mix of local and international stores.
- Lotte Mart (Da Nang and Hanoi): A popular chain for groceries, clothing, and household items.
Ethical Shopping
- Support Local Artisans: Buy directly from craft villages or cooperatives to support local communities.
- Eco-Friendly Products: Look for sustainable and handmade items, such as bamboo or coconut products.
Shipping and Customs
- Shipping Abroad: Many tailors and shops in tourist areas offer international shipping.
- Customs Regulations: Check your country’s customs regulations for restrictions on items like food, alcohol, or handicrafts.
Shopping in Vietnam is not just about buying things—it’s an experience that immerses you in the culture and traditions of the country. Enjoy exploring the markets, interacting with locals, and finding unique treasures to take home!
Conclusion
Vietnam’s rich history, stunning landscapes, and vibrant culture offer unforgettable experiences. Planning for visas, transportation, and safety measures ensures a successful trip. Embrace cultural norms, explore activities, and savor the local cuisine for an enriching journey. Vietnam´s captivating blend of tranquility and electric energy awaits visitors from around the world. Plan your trip, exploring all aspects to create an unforgettable adventure.